Tense Pyramid

COMMONLY USED ENGLISH IRREGULAR VERBS

COMMONLY USED ENGLISH IRREGULAR VERBS

PART 1

BASE               PAST SIMPLE        PAST PARTICIPLE

Have/Has                       Had                                Had

Say/Says                       Said                               Said

Do/Does                         Did                                Done

See                                Saw                                Seen

Make                              Made                              Made

Find                               Found                             Found

Know                              Knew                              Known

Get                                Got                                Got

Go                                  Went                              Gone

Write                             Wrote                            Written

Think                             Thought                          Thought

Come                              Came                              Come

PART 2

Take                              Took                               Taken

Put                                 Put                                 Put

Tell                                Told                               Told

Give                               Gave                               Given

Read                              Read                              Read

Keep                               Kept                               Kept

Begin                              Began                             Begun

Let                                 Let                                 Let

Hear                              Heard                             Heard

Cut                                 Cut                                 Cut

Eat                                 Ate                                Eaten

Run                                Ran                                Run

Bring                              Brought                          Brought

Become                           Became                           Become

Grow                              Grew                              Grown

Draw                              Drew                              Drown

Show                              Showed                           Shown

Mean                              Meant                                      Meant

PART 3

BASE               PAST SIMPLE        PAST PARTICIPLE

Feel                               Felt                                Felt

Hold                               Held                               Held

Stand                             Stood                             Stood

Understand                     Understood                     Understood

Loose                              Lost                               Lost

Catch                             Caught                            Caught

Buy                                Bought                            Bought

Send                              Sent                               Sent

Fall                                Fell                                Fallen

Choose                            Chose                             Chosen

Sleep                             Slept                              Slept

Speak                             Spoke                             Spoken

Meet                              Met                                Met

Lead                               Led                                Led

Bite                                Bit                                 Bitten

Hit                                 Hit                                 Hit

Drive                             Drove                             Driven

Break                             Broke                             Broken

PART 4

Sit                                 Sat                                Sat                      

Spend                             Spent                             Spent

Ring                               Rang                               Rung

Wear                             Wore                             Worn

Sell                                Sold                               Sold

Beat                               Beat                               Beaten        

Win                                Won                               Won

Hurt                               Hurt                               Hurt

Sing                               Sang                               Sung

Blow                               Blew                               Blown

Rise                               Rode                              Ridden

Fly                                 Flew                               Flown

Drink                             Drank                             Drunk

Forget                            Forgot                            Forgotten

Throw                                     Threw                            Thrown

Hang                              Hung                              Hung

Swim                              Swam                             Swum

FUTURE TENSE

Will - Be going to (future tense) konu anlatımı 

''Future Tense'' in Türkçe karşılığı gelecek zamandır.


İngilizcede gelecek zaman için iki farklı yapı kullanırız. Aslında ikisi de kullanıldığı cümleye gelecek zaman eki olan ''-ecek, -acak'' anlamını verir. Ama aralarında tabi ki bir fark vardır şimdi ikisini de açıklayarak öğrenelim.

WILL
- Gelecekle ilgili tahminlerde ve konuşma anında verilen kararları ifade etmede kullanır.
- Fille herhangi bir ek getirilmez
- Kısaltılmış hali özneye '' 'II ''şeklinde eklenerek yapılır
- Olumsuz hali '' won't '' olarak kullanılır. ( will not )
- I will drink a cup of coffee.
(Bir fincan kahve içeceğim.)
- I will go to cinema .
(Sinemaya gideceğim.)

She won't wear this dress.
(O bu elbiseyi giymeyecek.)

-Will you come to my party?
(Benim partime gelecek misin ? )

Positive (+) olumlu
(+) This week will be good for you.
(+) Your team will win the game.
(+) He will come to the party.
Negatıve (-) olumsuz
(-) This week won't be good for you.
(-) Your team won't win the game
(-) He won't come to the party.
Question (?) soru
(?) Will this week good for you?
(?) Will your team win the game?
(?) Will he come to the party?

Gelecek zaman için kullanılan zaman ifadeleri şunlardır:
Tomorrow (yarın)

Tomorrow morning (yarın sabah)

Three minutes later (üç dakika sonra)

Two hours later (iki saat sonra)

One week later ( bir hafta sonra)

Six months later ( altı ay sonra)

A few days later ( bir kaç gün sonra)

This week ( bu hafta)

Next year ( gelecek yıl)

Next week ( gelecek hafta)

Next month (gelecek ay)

BE GOİNG TO
- Gelecekte yapcağımız işleri bir plan dahilinde yapacaksak yani önceden yapacağımız iş için herhangir hazırlık yaptıysak, kasıtlı olarak bir şeyi gerçekleştireceksek o zaman bu durumlar için ''be going to'' yapısını kullanırız. WILL'den en büyük farkı budur. Yani yapacağımız işin planlı olmasıdır.
- Gelecekte gerçekleşmesi çok yüksek olan işler için kullanırız. Mesela girdiği sınavdan yuksek alan birisinin yaptığı tercihlerden mutlaka birisine yerleştirilme ihtimalinin neredeyse %99 olması durumu gibi.
- Bu yapıyı kullanırken ''be'' kısmı özneye göre çekimlenir.
I am going to...
He is going to...
She is going to...
It is going to...
We are going to...
You are going to...
They are going to...
- Bu yapıdan sonra mutlaka fiilin 1. hali gelir yani fiil hiçbir ek almaz.
- Olumsuzu ''be'' fiiline gelen not ile gercekleştirilir.
I am not going to...
He is not going to...
She is not going to...
It is not going to...
We are not going to...
You are not going to...
They are not going to...
- I am going to go to holiday by plane.
(Tatile uçak ile gideceğim.) => Bunu söyleyen kişi muhtemelen uçak biletini almıştır.


- He isn't going to come to party. He has an exam.
(O partiye gelmeyecek. Onun bir sınavı var.)


- Are you going to wash the dishes?
(Bulaşıkları yıkayacak mısın?)

Present Perfect Tense

Present Perfect

FORM

[has/have + past participle]

Examples:

• You have seen that movie many times.
• Have you seen that movie many times?
• You have not seen that movie many times.

Complete List of Present Perfect Forms

USE 1 Unspecified Time Before Now

We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is not important. You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. We CAN use the Present Perfect with unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.

Examples:

• I have seen that movie twenty times.
• I think I have met him once before.
• There have been many earthquakes in California.
• People have traveled to the Moon.
• People have not traveled to Mars.
• Have you read the book yet?
• Nobody has ever climbed that mountain.
• A: Has there ever been a war in the United States?
  B: Yes, there has been a war in the United States.

How Do You Actually Use the Present Perfect?

The concept of "unspecified time" can be very confusing to English learners. It is best to associate Present Perfect with the following topics:

TOPIC 1 Experience

You can use the Present Perfect to describe your experience. It is like saying, "I have the experience of..." You can also use this tense to say that you have never had a certain experience. The Present Perfect is NOT used to describe a specific event.

Examples:

• I have been to France.
  This sentence means that you have had the experience of being in France. Maybe you have been there once, or several times.
• I have been to France three times.
  You can add the number of times at the end of the sentence.
• I have never been to France.
  This sentence means that you have not had the experience of going to France.
• I think I have seen that movie before.
• He has never traveled by train.
• Joan has studied two foreign languages.
• A: Have you ever met him?
  B: No, I have not met him.

TOPIC 2 Change Over Time

We often use the Present Perfect to talk about change that has happened over a period of time.

Examples:

• You have grown since the last time I saw you.
• The government has become more interested in arts education.
• Japanese has become one of the most popular courses at the university since the Asian studies program was established.
• My English has really improved since I moved to Australia.

TOPIC 3 Accomplishments

We often use the Present Perfect to list the accomplishments of individuals and humanity. You cannot mention a specific time.

Examples:

• Man has walked on the Moon.
• Our son has learned how to read.
• Doctors have cured many deadly diseases.
• Scientists have split the atom.

TOPIC 4 An Uncompleted Action You Are Expecting

We often use the Present Perfect to say that an action which we expected has not happened. Using the Present Perfect suggests that we are still waiting for the action to happen.

Examples:

• James has not finished his homework yet.
• Susan hasn't mastered Japanese, but she can communicate.
• Bill has still not arrived.
• The rain hasn't stopped.

TOPIC 5 Multiple Actions at Different Times

We also use the Present Perfect to talk about several different actions which have occurred in the past at different times. Present Perfect suggests the process is not complete and more actions are possible.

Examples:

• The army has attacked that city five times.
• I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester.
• We have had many major problems while working on this project.
• She has talked to several specialists about her problem, but nobody knows why she is sick.

Time Expressions with Present Perfect

When we use the Present Perfect it means that something has happened at some point in our lives before now. Remember, the exact time the action happened is not important.

Sometimes, we want to limit the time we are looking in for an experience. We can do this with expressions such as: in the last week, in the last year, this week, this month, so far, up to now, etc.

Examples:

• Have you been to Mexico in the last year?
• I have seen that movie six times in the last month.
• They have had three tests in the last week.
• She graduated from university less than three years ago. She has worked for three different companies so far.
• My car has broken down three times this week.

NOTICE

"Last year" and "in the last year" are very different in meaning. "Last year" means the year before now, and it is considered a specific time which requires Simple Past. "In the last year" means from 365 days ago until now. It is not considered a specific time, so it requires Present Perfect.

Examples:

• I went to Mexico last year.
  I went to Mexico in the calendar year before this one.
• I have been to Mexico in the last year.
  I have been to Mexico at least once at some point between 365 days ago and now.

USE 2 Duration From the Past Until Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)

With Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Present Perfect to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since Tuesday" are all durations which can be used with the Present Perfect.

Examples:

• I have had a cold for two weeks.
• She has been in England for six months.
• Mary has loved chocolate since she was a little girl.

Past Continuos

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE (Şimdiki Zamanın Hikayesi-Geçmişte Devam Eden Zaman)

Past Continuous Tense, hem geçmişte olmuş, hem de geçmişte devam etmiş zamanları anlatmak için kullanılır.  Şimdiki zaman nasıl ki, şu an yapılan olayları anlatıyorsa, Past Continuous ta geçmişte anlatmaktadır. Kural olarak iki zaman birbirinden çok farklı değildir. Sadece Past Continuous Tense'te, geçmiş zaman yardımcı fillerini kullanmamız gerekmektedir.

Bu zamanın yardımcı fiiileri WAS ve WERE'dür. 

WAS/WERE YARDIMCI FİİLLERİNİN ÖZNELERE GÖRE KULLANIMI




AFFIRMATIVE: OLUMLU CÜMLE

Subject (Özne) + (  was / were ) + Verb (Fiil) + - ING takısı + nesne

I waswriting a letter. (Bir mektup yazıyordum.)
You were studying maths all day yesterday. (Dün bütün gün matematik çalışıyordun / çalışıyordunuz.) 
He was playing football. (O Futbol oynuyordu)
She was crying. (O ağlıyordu.)
It was playing. (O oynuyordu)
We were studying lesson. (Ders çalışıyorduk.)
They were eating apples. (Elma yiyorlardı.)

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE(Şimdiki Zaman)  ile PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE'IN (Şimdiki Zamanın Hikayesi) KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI 

I amwriting a letter. (Bir mektup yazıyorum.) Present Cont. Tense
I waswriting a letter. (Bir mektup yazıyordum.) Past Cont. Tense

You are studying now. (Şimdi matematik çalışıyorum / çalışıyoruz.) Present Cont. Tense
You were studying maths all day yesterday. (Dün bütün gün matematik çalışıyordun / çalışıyordunuz.) Past Cont. Tense[/color]

He is playing football. (O Futbol oynuyor.)Present Cont. Tense
He was playing football. (O Futbol oynuyordu) Past Cont. Tense

They are eating apples. (Elma yiyorlar.) Present Cont. Tense
They were eating apples. (Elma yiyorlardı.) Past Cont. Tense



INTERROGATIVE: OLUMSUZ CÜMLE

Subject (Özne) +  was not (wasn't) / were not (weren't) + Verb (Fiil) + - ING takısı + nesne

I wasn’t expecting this. (Bunu beklemiyordum.)
You weren't playing tennis at 10.30. (10.30 da tennis oynuyordun / oynamıyordunuz.)
He wasn't cleaning his room. (O odasını temizlemiyordu.)
She wasn't having breakfast. (Kahvaltı yapmıyordu.)
We weren't watching TV. (Televizyon seyretmiyorduk.)
They weren’t helping. (Yardım etmiyorlardı.)

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE(Şimdiki Zaman)  ile PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE'IN (Şimdiki Zamanın Hikayesi) KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI 

He isn't cleaning his room. (O odasını temizlemiyor.) Present Cont. Tense
He wasn't cleaning his room. (O odasını temizlemiyordu.) Past Cont. Tense

We aren't watching TV. (Televizyon seyretmiyoruz.) Present Cont. Tense
We weren't watching TV. (Televizyon seyretmiyorduk.) Past Cont. Tense

They aren't helping. (Yardım etmiyorlar.) Present Cont. Tense
They weren’t helping. (Yardım etmiyorlardı.) Past Cont. Tense


QUESTION: SORU CÜMLESİ

OLUMLU SORU CÜMLESİ

Was / Were + Subject (Özne) +  Verb (Fiil) + - ING takısı + nesne

Was she having breakfast ? (O kahvaltı yapıyor muydu?)
Was Jack sleeping in his room? (Odasında mı uyuyordu?)
Was it raining at 12 o'clock yesterday? (Dün saat 12'de yağmur yağıyor muydu?)
Were you chatting about the current events? (Güncel olaylar hakkında sohbet yapıyor muydunuz?)
Were we speaking on the phone? (Telefonda konuşuyor muyduk?)
Were you going to the supermarket? (Süpermarkete gidiyordun muydun? / gidiyor muydunuz?)
Were the students studying in the library? (Öğrenciler kütüphane çalışıyorlar mıydı?)


OLUMSUZ SORU CÜMLESİ

Wasn't / Weren't + Subject (Özne) +  Verb (Fiil) + - ING takısı + nesne

Wasn't I telling the truth? (Ben doğruyu söylemiyor muydum?)
Weren't you having a rest? (Sen dinlenmiyor muydun?)
Wasn't he watching the match? (O maç izlemiyor muydu?)
Wasn't she drinking coffee? (O kahve içmiyor muydu?)
Wasn't it snowing then ? (O zaman kar yağmıyor muydu?)
Weren't we doing shopping at this time yesterday? (Dün bu vakitte alışveriş yapmıyor muyduk?)
Weren't you waiting for your friends? (Siz arkadaşlarınızı beklemiyor muydunuz?)
Weren't they washing the dishes? (Onlar bulaşıkları yıkamıyorlar mıydı?)

Emel Işık & Brunel University ( Stafford House Study Holidays) 15th June-29th June 2013

Bartın Özel Emel Işık İlköğretim Okulu üstüste 5. yıl Londra Dil Kampı faaliyetini bu sene de devam ettirmektedir.

Öğrencilerimizin 2 hafta süresince alacakları eğitim programı dahilinde bulunan imkan ve aktiviteler:

1. İngiliz eğitmenlerden günde 2 seans olmak üzere alınacak olan dil eğitimi.

                         2. İçerisinde özel banyo ve tuvaleti olan tek kişilik odalar.

                         3. Hergün 3 öğün çeşitliliği bol olan yemek menüleri.( en az 4 çeşit olmak üzere)

                         4. Belirlenen günlerde Londranın cazibe merkezlerine özel araçlar ile turlar.

                         5. Eğitimleri boyunca gündüz ve öğleden sonra seçme özgürlüğüne sahip olacakları spor aktiviteleri.

                         6. Akşam seanslarında kampüs anfilerinde yarışmalar ve eğitici etkinliler.

                         7. Üniversite kampüsü sınırları içerisinde süpermarket.

                         8. Eğitmenler tarafından günlük öğrenci takibi ve grup lideri ve öğrencileri ile paylaşımlar.

                         9. Sınırsız sağlık desteği.

                         10. Birçok Avrupa ülkesinden gelen öğrencilerle hem kampüs aktivitelerinde hem de gezilerde gün boyu iletişim ve paylaşım olanakları.

                         11. Program sonunda LONDON STAFFORD HOUSE STUDY HOLIDAYS dil sertifikası.

Ücretlendirme :

6500 tl ( 3 taksitte ödeme imkanı bulunmaktadır. Aralık ayı sonunda 2500 tl, Ocak ayı sonunda 2000 tl, Şubat ayı sonunda 2000 tl)

Bu masraflara vize , uçak bileti ve Londra masraflarının hepsi dahildir.

Müracaatlar Veli ya da Öğrenci tarafından Batu Demiroğlu'na yapılabilir.

                                                    

                                      Utku Batu Demiroğlu

                                      İng.Öğrt.